多原发结直肠癌的临床特征和预后

目的探讨多原发结直肠癌的临床特征和预后。方法回顾性分析南京医科大学第一附属医院2013年1月至2018年12月收治的42例多原发结直肠癌患者的临床资料,对其临床病理特征、诊治及预后进行总结。结果符合多原发结直肠癌诊断的患者42例,占同期收治的所有结直肠癌患者的1.20%(42/3499),病理类型以腺癌为主。其中,同时性多原发癌32例,年龄38~86岁,中位年龄66岁,共发现73处结直肠癌灶,多位于近端结肠、乙状结肠及直肠;共检出淋巴结527枚,阳性10枚(1.9%),淋巴结阳性患者占同时性多原发癌的37.5%(12/32);27例为双原发癌,3例为三原发癌,2例为五原发癌;1、3年总生存率分别为83.75%和74.38%。异时性多原发癌10例,年龄33~86岁,第一癌多位于直肠和乙状结肠区域,第二癌多位于升结肠区域;共检出淋巴结276枚,阳性率12.3%(34枚),1、3年总生存率分别为100.00%和66.67%。结论多原发结直肠癌在临床上不少见,其分布有一定规律。临床中应引起重视,提高早期诊断率。应早期手术治疗以提高患者的生存率。     

Risk factors of rib metastases in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with rib 99mTc- MDP foci on whole-body bone scansCSCD

Objective To investigate the correlation of rib 99mTc-MDP foci on whole-body bone scan with clinical variables and rib metastases in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) patients, and to screen the risk factors of rib metastases. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 312 NPC patients with rib 99mTc-MDP foci on wholebody bone scan. Chi-square test and logistic regression were performed to evaluate the correlation between clinical variables and rib metastases. Results In all 312 NPC patients, rib metastases were associated with T stage, skull base bone invasion, other bone metastasis, number of rib foci, lateral localization on rib and foci type (P<0.01), and the risk factors of rib metastasis included skull base bone invasion, other bone metastases, lateral localization on rib and foci type (P<0.05). In 176 patients with pure rib foci, rib metastases were closely related to T stage, skull base bone invasion, other bone metastasis, number of rib foci and lateral localization on rib (P<0.05), while only lobar distribution (P=0.029) was the effective risk factor. In 198 patients with single rib focus, rib metastases were affected by skull base bone invasion and foci type (P<0.01), while only foci type (P=0.000) was the effective risk factor. In all 566 rib foci, uptake level and localization on rib were the effective risk factors of rib metastases(P<0.01). Conclusion In NPC patients with rib foci on whole body bone scan, the effective risk factors of rib metastases include skull base bone invasion, other bone metastases, lateral localization on rib, foci type, uptake level and anterior and posterior localization on rib. Follow up should be the main way for the pure rib foci on unilateral ribs. For multiples rib foci on bilateral ribs or single rib focus combined with other bones foci, additional image modalities should be required to exclude bone metastasis. © 2020, CHINA RESEARCH ON PREVENTION AND TREATMENT. All rights reserved.     

Disparities in Stage at Diagnosis in an Equal-access Integrated Delivery System: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 7244 Patients With Bladder Cancer

BackgroundDisparities in bladder cancer survival by race/ethnicity and gender are likely related to differences in diagnosis. We assessed disparities in stage at diagnosis and potential contributing factors within a large, integrated delivery system.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 7244 patients with bladder cancer age ≥ 21 years diagnosed from January 2001 to June 2015 within Kaiser Permanente Southern California. Bivariate analyses compared stage at diagnosis – as well as comorbidities, health plan membership length, and health care utilization prior to diagnosis – by race/ethnicity, gender, and age. Multivariable generalized linear mixed models with urologist as a random effect were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for diagnosis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) versus non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer.ResultsIn multivariable analyses, stage at diagnosis varied significantly by race/ethnicity (P < .001). Non-Hispanic black patients had significantly higher odds of being diagnosed with MIBC than non-Hispanic white patients (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.05-1.67), whereas Asian patients had significantly lower odds (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.49-0.91). Women were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with MIBC than men (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.22-1.61). Non-Hispanic black women had the highest proportion (39%) of MIBC diagnoses. Among Hispanic and Asian patients, a greater proportion of diagnoses occurred at younger ages.ConclusionsHealth care coverage within an equal-access system did not eliminate disparities in stage at diagnosis by race/ethnicity or gender. Studies are needed to identify etiologic factors and aspects of care delivery (eg, patient-physician interactions) that may affect the diagnostic process to inform efforts to improve health equity.     

MiRNA let-7a对人喉鳞癌细胞增殖的抑制作用CSCD

目的探讨miRNA let-7a调控高迁移率族蛋白2(HMGA2)对人喉鳞癌细胞株TU212增殖的影响。方法合成let-7a模拟体(let-7a mimics)并采用阳离子脂质体法瞬时转染入喉癌TU212细胞,裸鼠皮下注射TU212细胞,构建裸鼠移植瘤模型。RT-qPCR和Western blot法分别检测转染后TU212细胞及移植瘤内let-7a和HMGA2的表达。结果在过表达let-7a的喉癌TU212细胞中,HMGA2的转录和翻译水平下调,细胞增殖能力降低。体外成瘤实验证实,与let-7a NC组和空白对照组相比,转染let-7a mimics的喉癌细胞TU212成瘤组织的质量和体积均显著下降;let-7a过表达的TU212成瘤组织中HMGA2的mRNA和蛋白水平均明显下调。结论let-7a能显著抑制HMGA2的mRNA和蛋白表达,进而显著抑制喉癌细胞的增殖。     

Electrochemotherapy for the palliative management of cutaneous metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundElectrochemotherapy combines electroporation in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents and is used to treat tumours in many localisations, including cutaneous metastases. The symptoms associated with cutaneous malignant wounds can be distressing for patients and their management is a challenge in healthcare.AimThe purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the effectiveness of electrochemotherapy in the context of palliative care.DesignAll aspects of the systematic review were followed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.Data sourcesThe following databases were searched for English-language reviews; Medline, Embase, CINAHL, British Nursing Index and the Cochrane Library. The search was conducted between the publication of Standard Operating Procedures in 2006 and the third week of October 2017. Studies involving oral cancers and studies with fewer than 10 patients were excluded. The selected studies were assessed for risk of bias and sub-group data were synthesised in a random-effects meta-analysis.ResultsFrom 425 studies, 29 studies were included involving 1503 patients, the pooled results were 46.6% for complete response and 82.2% for objective response according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours. The meta-analysis indicated that small tumours were over twice as likely (2.25) to have a complete response than large.ConclusionsElectrochemotherapy is an effective, repeatable and minimally invasive intervention within the palliative population that can reduce symptom burden. This review is an update of previous systematic reviews by Mali et al. [1,2] and highlights the need for tailored treatment depending on each individual case.     

Lymphatic spread of T2 gallbladder carcinoma: Regional lymphadenectomy is required independent of tumor location

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the incidence and distribution of regional lymph node metastasis according to tumor location, and to clarify whether tumor location could determine the extent of regional lymphadenectomy in patients with pathological T2 (pT2) gallbladder carcinoma.MethodsIn total, 81 patients with pT2 gallbladder carcinoma (25 with pT2a tumors and 56 with pT2b tumors) who underwent radical resection were enrolled. Tumor location was determined histologically in each gallbladder specimen.ResultsSurvival after resection was significantly worse in patients with pT2b tumors than those with pT2a tumors (5-year survival, 72% vs. 96%; p = 0.027). Tumor location was an independent prognostic factor on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 14.162; p = 0.018). The incidence of regional lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in patients with pT2b tumors than in those with pT2a tumors (46% vs. 20%; p = 0.028). However, the number of positive nodes was similar between the two groups (median, 2 vs. 2; p = 0.910). For node-positive patients with pT2b tumors, metastasis was found in every regional node group (12%–63%), whereas even for node-positive patients with pT2a tumors, metastasis was observed in regional node groups outside the hepatoduodenal ligament.ConclusionsTumor location in patients with pT2 gallbladder carcinoma can predict the presence or absence of regional lymph node metastasis but not the number and anatomical distribution of positive regional lymph nodes. The extent of regional lymphadenectomy should not be changed even in patients with pT2a tumors, provided that they are fit enough for surgery.     

局部复发鼻咽癌的外科挽救治疗CSCD

鼻咽癌放疗后约10%~36%的患者复发。复发病灶通常对放疗不敏感,再程放疗疗效不佳,且会导致严重并发症,而外科治疗可以根治性切除癌灶并避免二次照射,成为复发鼻咽癌理想的挽救治疗方法。鼻外入路挽救手术创伤较大,且均存在不同程度的手术并发症。经鼻内镜鼻咽切除术因微创、切除范围不亚于鼻外入路,逐步成为rT1~2及部分rT3期患者的首选方案,相应的外科分期为复发鼻咽癌的分层治疗提供了科学依据。颈内动脉栓塞术、颅内外血管搭桥术等新技术的运用正在扩大挽救手术适应证,但广泛的外科切除是否优于二程放疗仍需更多实践验证。     

T3、T4期结直肠癌淋巴结转移危险因素分析

目的探讨T3、T4期结直肠癌患者淋巴结转移危险因素,为临床诊疗提供参考。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2017年12月在空军军医大学西京消化病医院行结直肠癌根治术的1112例T3、T4期结直肠癌患者的临床病理资料,分析淋巴结转移状态与临床病理因素及肿瘤标志物的相关性,应用logistic多因素回归法分析淋巴结转移的相关危险因素。结果单因素分析结果显示,性别、年龄、肿瘤部位分层的结直肠癌患者间淋巴结转移率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),淋巴结转移率在不同肿瘤长径[<5 cm和≥5 cm分别为37.75%(211/559)、52.26%(289/553),χ^2=23.666,P<0.01]、大体类型[浸润、溃疡、蕈伞、隆起分别为37.04%(20/54)、47.52%(432/909)、34.33%(23/67)、69.51%(57/82),χ^2=13.787,P=0.003]、分化程度[高、中、低分化分别为34.11%(102/299)、49.00%(317/647)、48.80%(81/166),χ^2=19.771,P<0.01]、错配修复缺陷(dMMR)[是和否分别为26.34%(64/243)、50.17%(436/869),χ^2=43.996,P<0.01]、神经侵犯[是和否分别为48.17%(421/874)、33.20%(79/238),χ^2=16.954,P<0.01]、脉管侵犯[是和否分别为79.16%(338/427)、23.65%(162/685),χ^2=327.493,P<0.01]以及术前癌胚抗原(CEA)[阳性(≥5 mg/ml)和阴性(<5 mg/ml)分别为52.87%(249/471)、39.16%(251/641),χ^2=20.162,P<0.01]和CA199[阳性(≥35 U/ml)和阴性(<35 U/ml)分别为59.33%(124/209)、41.64%(376/903),χ^2=21.465,P<0.01]分层患者间差异均有统计学意义。logistic多因素回归分析显示,脉管侵犯和术前CA199阳性是T3、T4期结直肠癌患者淋巴结转移独立危险因素(OR=13.006,95%CI 9.329~17.276,P<0.01;OR=2.194,95%CI 1.513~3.181,P<0.01),dMMR阳性是淋巴结转移的保护性因素(OR=0.279,95%CI 0.190~0.411,P<0.01)。结论脉管侵犯是T3、T4期结直肠癌患者淋巴结转移的主要危险因素。术前肿瘤标志物CA199的检测可以作为预测T3、T4期结直肠癌患者淋巴结转移状态的指标,一定程度上可为诊疗方案的制订提供参考。     

Quel impact de la RCMI des carcinomes nasopharyngés sur les structures glandulaires ?

PurposeThe aim of this work is to evaluate the anatomical changes of the glandular structures during the NPC IMRT and to study their dosimetric impacts.Patients and methodsTwenty patients receiving IMRT for NPC were included. For each patient, a second dosimetric CT was performed at a dose of 38 Gy, which was fused with the initial planning dosimetric CT. We calculated the volume percent change, the positional and dosimetric variation between the 2 scanners for the glandular structures (parotid, submaxillary, thyroid and pituitary).ResultsWe observed a decrease in the volume of right and left parotids (− 27.9% and − 27.54%). It was correlated with the initial dose planned at its level. For the sub maxillary glands, the decrease was − 36.1% on the right and − 27.28% on the left. The value of reduction of the thyroid gland was − 18.01%. A medial supra-millimeter migration of 2 and 1.15 mm was found for right and left parotid glands respectively, correlated with GTV N reduction volume. We found a significant increase in mean doses for the parotid glands. It was 1.8 ± 2.3 Gy for the right and 1.5 ± 2.7 Gy for the left. For the right sub maxillary gland, the increase was about 0.35 ± 2 Gy and 3.79 ± 5.2 Gy for the thyroid.ConclusionThe modifications observed for glandular structures during NPC IMRT can explain the different toxicities caused by radiation. It seems also that a careful adaptation of the treatment plan should be considered during therapy.